Description: Hypertonic Trails was presented by David A. Spain, MD, on Nov. 5, 2009 at The Arizona Trauma and Acute Care Consortium first annual symposium. Dr. Spain, from Stanford University, discusses initial resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock, ideal resuscitation fluid, the evolution of hemoglobin-b aced oxygen carriers, advantages of HBOC, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, hypertonic saline, and studies comparing results from various fluids.